Trade integration with the rest of the world (EU global integration trendline)
This indicator tracks the EU’s degree of economic integration with the rest of the world by measuring trade flows in goods and services with the rest of the world as a share of total EU GDP. Trade is measured by the average of imports and exports.
Source: Eurostat (2024)
Exports of goods and services as a share of worldwide imports
This indicator tracks the EU economy’s global market share by measuring EU exports in goods and services as shares of total global imports. Shares for the US, UK, Japan, and China are shown for comparison purposes. The indicator shows the relative size of exports from the EU and those four countries in the global market. A higher percentage indicates a more significant role in the global economy, and a lower percentage suggests a smaller presence.
Source: European Commission (2024)
European partners' trade integration with the EU
This indicator shows the trade integration in goods and services (average of imports and exports) between the EU and selected neighbouring partner countries (members of the European Free Trade Agreement [EFTA], and enlargement countries), as a share of these countries' GDP. The intra-EU average is displayed for comparison.
Notes: Data lacking for Georgia (both goods and services), Montenegro (goods only) and Kosovo (services only).
*The designation of Kosovo is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
Source: Eurostat (2024 for goods, 2023 for services).
Global market share in medium- and high-technology manufacturing
This indicator shows the global market share in medium- and high-technology manufacturing (gross value added) of the EU, US, UK, Japan and China.
Sources: UN Industrial Development Organization, Competitive Industrial Performance database; World Bank databases; European Commission estimates (2021).
Global market share in high-technology exports
This indicator shows the global market share in high-technology exports of the EU, US, UK, Japan and China.
Source: World Bank (2022)
External vulnerability: across industrial products
This indicator assesses the vulnerability to external shocks of the overall economy, selected products, sectors, and supply chains. Scores range from 0 (low vulnerability) to 1 (high vulnerability). The index is built on two pillars: the first focuses on risks from foreign dependencies, examining the concentration of trade flows and reliance on foreign markets, while the second addresses risks from a weak global market position, evaluating competitive strengths and weaknesses through price differences and relative comparative advantages. The assessment is carried out through the European Commission’s External Vulnerability Index (EXVI). The indicator compares the EU's degree of vulnerability to the degrees of vulnerability in US and China, respectively.
Source: European Commission (2025), DG GROW Chief Economist's team, based on BACI database (2023)
For more information: EXternal Vulnerability Index (EXVI) - Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs
External vulnerability: Clean Industrial Deal scope
This indicator assesses the combined vulnerability to external shocks of the product categories within the scope of the Clean Industrial Deal. These broadly include semiconductors, net-zero technologies, raw materials, basic metals, chemicals, machinery and motor vehicles. Scores range from 0 (low vulnerability) to 1 (high vulnerability). The assessment is carried out through the European Commission’s External Vulnerability Index (EXVI). The indicator compares the EU's degree of vulnerability to the degrees of vulnerability in US and China, respectively.
Source: European Commission (2025), DG GROW Chief Economist's team, based on BACI database (2023)
Domestic manufacturing of key net-zero technologies
This indicator tracks the evolution of EU manufacturing capacity of key net-zero technologies. It measures the share of clean tech components tracked under the Net-Zero Industry Act that reach the benchmark of meeting 40% of EU consumption by domestic manufacturing. The objective is that 100% of components shall reach this benchmark.
Source: European Commission (2024)